Multiphoton lithography (MPL) is a technique that uses ultra-short laser pulses to create complex three-dimensional (3D) structures at the micro- and nanoscale. It is based on the principle of ...

Photonic systems are quickly gaining traction in many emerging applications, including optical communications, lidar sensing, and medical imaging. However, the widespread adoption of photonics in ...

Two-photon absorption (2PA) is a third-order non-linear optical process in which a molecule simultaneously absorbs two photons of lower energy to reach an excited electronic state. This phenomenon has ...

Two-photon absorption (TPA) is a non-linear optical phenomenon in which a molecule simultaneously absorbs two photons, promoting it from the ground to an excited electronic state. Dependent on the ...