A quantum random-number generator has been developed that uses classical cryptography to certify that its output was produced by a quantum process. A truly random number is generated by a process ...

Random number generation underpins cryptography and security 5,11, but establishing the a priori unpredictability and subsequent integrity of random numbers continues to be a major challenge 12,13. A ...

RANDOMNESS IS A valuable commodity. Computer models of complex systems ranging from the weather to the stockmarket are voracious consumers of random numbers. Cryptography, too, relies heavily on ...