Controlling light is an important technological challenge—not just at the large scale of optics in microscopes and telescopes ...

Crowbar circuits have long been the go-to safeguard against overvoltage conditions, prized for their simplicity and ...

Transistors are the fundamental building blocks behind today's electronic revolution, powering everything from smartphones to powerful servers by controlling the flow of electrical currents. But ...

In physics and materials science, the term "spin chirality" refers to an asymmetry in the arrangement of spins (i.e., the intrinsic angular momentum of particles) in magnetic materials. This asymmetry ...

Organic LEDs are light emitting diodes (LEDs) that use polymers or small organic molecules as their optically active element. Development of organic LEDs is driven in particular by its potential as a ...

Abstract: The breakdown voltage (VBD) of each single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in a large array typically varies due to process variations, leading to variations in excess bias voltage (VEX) and ...

This Digital Circuit Simulator provides an interactive platform for learning and experimenting with digital logic circuits. Built with modern web technologies, it offers a drag-and-drop interface ...