In late 15th-century Rome, especially under Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503), clerical celibacy created a social gap at court. Papal courtiers, barred from marrying, relied on educated women for companionship during formal events. These women, trained in music and etiquette, became essential figures in elite circles.Unable to marry themselves, many of these women gained influence through wit, culture, and patronage. Courtesans like Tullia d’Aragona and Veronica Franco rose to prominence, blending b